Person Page - 86

     Rebecca was born in 1860 at Georgia, United States.¹ She was the daughter of Samuel C. Scott and Rebecca E. Kelly. She married Benjamin F. Mathews, son of Jacob Mathews and Frances (--?--), on 2 August 1883 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.² Rebecca died circa 1910.³

     Rachel was born in 1862 at Georgia, United States.¹ She was the daughter of Samuel C. Scott and Rebecca E. Kelly. She married Wiley B. McClendan, son of Wiley McClendan and Harriet (--?--), on 18 December 1883 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.²

     Mattie was born on 5 April 1870 at Georgia, United States.¹ She was the daughter of Samuel C. Scott and Rebecca E. Kelly. She married Robert G. Strange, on 14 March 1888 at Columbia, Florida, United States.² Mattie died on 22 November 1955 at Lakeland, Polk, Florida, United States, at age 85.³ Her body was buried at Elim Baptist Church Cemetery, Fort White, Columbia, Florida, United States.⁴

     Joseph was born circa 1878 at Georgia, United States. He was the son of Richard Ford Jackson and Mary Ann E. Donaldson. He married Eliza Carter, daughter of Jesse Carter and Catherine Johnson, circa 1904. Joseph died circa 1926 at Jasper, Hamilton, Florida, United States. His body was buried circa 1926 at Evergreen Cemetery, Hamilton, Florida, United States.²
     Joseph's occupation: Railroad Engr.

     John was born circa 1881. He was the son of Richard Ford Jackson and Mary Ann E. Donaldson. He married Mary N. Kelly, daughter of Charles A. Kelly and Martha Bertha Huckaby, on 17 July 1912 at Taylor, Florida, United States.² John died at Needles, San Bernardino, California, United States.

     Fronia was born on 15 September 1883.² She was the daughter of Richard Ford Jackson and Mary Ann E. Donaldson. She married Julius Lovejoy.³ Fronia died on 17 December 1970 at Jacksonville, Duval, Florida, United States, at age 87.² Her body was buried on 19 December 1970.

     Minnie was born on 22 October 1876 at Georgia, United States.² She was the daughter of Richard Ford Jackson and Mary Ann E. Donaldson. She married David Brinson Houck, on 3 July 1890 at Taylor, Florida, United States.³ Minnie died on 15 March 1932 at age 55.⁴ Her body was buried in March 1932 at New Harmony Church, Suwannee, Florida, United States.

     James was born circa 1872 at Alabama, United States.² He was the son of Richard Ford Jackson and Mary Ann E. Donaldson. James died circa 1898 at Philipines. His body was buried circa 1898 at Spring Warrior, Taylor, Florida, United States.

     George was born on 10 September 1811 at Georgia, United States. He was the son of Charles R. Kelly and Elizabeth Wiley. He married Harriet Smith, daughter of Alexander Smith and Mrs. Alexander Smith, on 5 December 1833 at Newton, Georgia, United States.² He married Mary Sophronia (--?--), on 7 July 1887 at Randolph, Georgia, United States.³ George died on 24 October 1902 at Dawson, Terrell, Georgia, United States, at age 91.⁴ His body was buried on 25 October 1902 at Cedar Hill Cemetery, Dawson, Terrell, Georgia, United States.
     George's occupation: Farmer.
Biography of George Wiley Kelly:

The following articles were found in Terrell County, Georgia Newspaper Clippings Books by Tad Evans:
Thursday, January 4, 1872
STOLEN
From my carriage house on the night of the 5th instant, one single horse buggy with springs painted black, box body, the hinder part covered with oil cloth. Star or flower painted on each side of the body. Dash covered with oil cloth, dash irons broken, left hand shaft fractured at the bend. A liberal reward will be paid for the recovery of the buggy and harness and twenty five dollars for the thief with evidence to convict. (Signed) George W. Kelly [Vol. I, p. 335]
Thursday Oct 2, 1873
Serious Accident
G. W. Kelly, an old and highly esteemed citizen of our county, was seriously injured one day last week under the following circumstances: He was hauling up corn, and as usual drove his team under the shelter over his syrup kettles. He was seated on the corn, and just as he started under the shelter he bowed, as he thought, low enough to miss the sill. This load of corn being larger than usual, there was not sufficient room for him to pass under and the sill struck him on the back of the neck. It was at first thought his injuries would prove fatal but a close examination disclosed the fact that they were not so severe as was feared. We learn he is improving. [Vol. III, p 78)
Thursday, October 29, 1885
Mr. and Mrs. G. W. Kelley were burglarized of thirty dollars in silver from a trunk in their home. A negro, Red Allman, is suspected in the crime, but the evidence was not sufficient to bind him over. [Vol 4, p 482]
The following is George W. Kelly's Last Will and Testament as recorded in the Will Book A, Page 234 in Terrell County Geogia reads:
************Start of Will*************
Georgia
Terrell county
I George W Kelly being of sound mind and disposing memory do make and constitute this my last Will and Testament hereby revoking all others heretofore made
Item 1st I desire that my body shall receive a decent Christian burial and that all my just debts be paid as soon as possible after my death, by my Executor hereinafter named.

Item 2nd I give and bequeath to my beloved wife Mary Sophronia Kelly all of my property both real and personal, for and during her natural life or widowhood desiring that it be kept as it is now, for her use.

Item 3rd At the death of my said wife or in the event she should marry again then I give and bequeath all of my property, real & personal, share and share alike to the following children of mine to wit: Mary Chambless, Mandy Melton, J H Kelly, Charles Kelly and John Kelly. I do not give anything to the heirs of Rebecca Scott & E W Kelly, because I have already given to them more than their share of my property, and more than any other children will have after my death.

Item 4th I hereby constitute and appoint my son J H Kelly as my executor of this my last will and testament. This the 29th day of January 1890

George W Kelly

Signed, declared and published by George W. Kelly as his Last Will and Testament in the presence of us the Subscribers who Subscribed our names thereto in the presence of said Testator at his instance and request and of each other he signing in our presence and we signing in his presence.

J. H. Guerry
J. G. Dean
L. R. Thornton

Filed in Office Oct. 25, 1902
J. N. Roberts Ordinary

Probated in Solumn form, Jany 5, 1903
J. W. Robert - Ordinary

Recorded, Feby 10th, 1903
J. W. Roberts - Ordinary
*****************End of Will******************


His obituary was found in "The Dawson Journal" of October 29, 1902 is as follows:

Died at 92 - Uncle George Kelly Passed Away at Venerable Age Near Dawson Friday

Mr. George Kelly, one of the most venerable and respected citizens of Terrell County, died at his home about three miles west of Dawson Friday morning. The remains were interred at the Cedar Hill cemetery in Dawson Saturday afternoon, Rev. O. F. Cook conducted the services.

Mr. Kelly, familiarly known to everyone as "Uncle George," moved to what is now Terrell county in 1854 when it was part of Lee, and has since made this county his home. He was liked by every person of his acquaintance, and his demise will be generally regretted. he was a consistent member of the Methodist denomination.

Mr. Kelly is survived by a wife and two children, to whom The News extends its sympathy.

     Harriet was born on 12 October 1812 at Georgia, United States. She was the daughter of Alexander Smith and Mrs. Alexander Smith. She married George Wiley Kelly, son of Charles R. Kelly and Elizabeth Wiley, on 5 December 1833 at Newton, Georgia, United States.¹ Harriet died on 5 November 1886 at Dawson, Terrell, Georgia, United States, at age 74. Her body was buried on 6 November 1886 at Cedar Hill Cemetery, Dawson, Terrell, Georgia, United States.²

     Charles was born on 8 December 1837 at Georgia, United States.¹ He was the son of George Wiley Kelly and Harriet Smith. He married Martha Bertha Huckaby, daughter of Charles P. Huckaby and Unisy Loutitia Jones, on 21 March 1865 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.² Charles died on 2 September 1891 at Taylor, Florida, United States, at age 53.^3,1 His body was buried in September 1891 at New Hope Cemetery, Taylor, Florida, United States.¹
     Charles's occupation: Farmer.
Biography of Charles A. Kelly:

Charles A. Kelly enlisted 11 May 1861 in Capt. John A. Fulton's Company E, 5th Georgia Regiment Volunteers in the Confederate Army. [Widows Application for Pension, File #A03196, Florida Civil War Pension Files, Florida State Archives, Tallahassee, Florida]

Charles A. Kelly and his brother John R. Kelly were convicted of voluntary manslaughter in the shooting death of Col. C. T. Ames and a Mr. Oxford in Terrell County Superior Court in March of 1871. They were pardoned by the Governor of Georgia in 1887 for these crimes. [For more information on this matter look under the biography of Charles’s brother, John R. Kelly (1847-1932)]

Charles, his wife and many of his children are buried in New Hope Cemetery, Spring Warrior, Taytor County, Florida.

     Mary was born on 12 April 1840 at Georgia, United States. She was the daughter of George Wiley Kelly and Harriet Smith. She married Thomas Chambless, son of William Chambless and Polly Huckaby, on 17 June 1858 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.² She married James Andrew Chambless, son of William Chambless and Polly Huckaby, on 12 October 1865 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.³ Mary died on 28 June 1904 at Terrell, Georgia, United States, at age 64. Her body was buried in June 1904 at New Bethel Church, Terrell, Georgia, United States.

     Ezekiel was born in 1842 at Georgia, United States.¹ He was the son of George Wiley Kelly and Harriet Smith. He married Joduth Ann E. Roberts, on 25 December 1866 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.² Ezekiel died circa 1867 at Brunswick, Glynn, Georgia, United States.³
     Biography of Ezekiel W. Kelly:

Ezekiel Kelly was a member of the Dawson Volunteers, Co. E., 5th Georgia Regiment. His record indicates he died of yellow fever in Brunswick after the war.

     James was born on 17 January 1850 at Randolph, Georgia, United States. He was the son of George Wiley Kelly and Harriet Smith. He married Ida L. Cozart, daughter of Anthony Cozart and Emma (--?--), on 27 January 1874 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.¹ James died on 19 November 1923 at Terrell, Georgia, United States, at age 73.² His body was buried on 20 November 1923 at Cedar Hill Cemetery, Dawson, Terrell, Georgia, United States.
     Biography of James Henry "Boog" Kelly.:

James H. "Boog" Kelly, well known farmer and Justice of the Peace, was shot and killed 19 November 1923 on the public road near Brandywine Branch between Herod and Chickasawhatchee in Terrell County, Georgia. He was 74 years of age. He was shot by Mr. Enoch Thrash, who was moving a negro tenant from the Kelly farm to the Thrash farm. Upon learning of the move Mr. Kelly, accompanied by Mr. J. T. Coker of Herod, started in pursuit and overtook them at the branch when some words occurred and the shooting followed. Mr. Trash turned himself in to the Sherrif claiming he acted in self-defense. Mr. Trash was tried two weeks later for the killing inTerrell Co. Superior Court and was acquitted based on his claim of self defense which was supported by the eye-witness , Mr. J. C. Coker. (From News articles in the "Dawson News" of November 20, 1923]

     Amanda was born on 6 August 1851 at Georgia, United States. She was the daughter of George Wiley Kelly and Harriet Smith. She married Harris Henley Melton, on 27 November 1868 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.¹ Amanda died on 27 October 1892 at age 41.² Her body was buried in October 1892 at Cedar Hill Cemetery, Dawson, Terrell, Georgia, United States.

     Mary was born in July 1838 at Georgia, United States.¹ She married George Wiley Kelly, son of Charles R. Kelly and Elizabeth Wiley, on 7 July 1887 at Randolph, Georgia, United States.²

     Charles was born circa 1785 at Sussex, Delaware, United States.¹ He was the son of Daniel Kelly and Sally Clifton. He married Elizabeth Wiley, daughter of George Wiley and Frances Stanfield, on 17 October 1809 at Greene, Georgia, United States.² He married Mary Lamb, on 20 February 1855 at Randolph, Georgia, United States.³ Charles died in September 1863 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.⁴
     Charles's occupation: Farmer.
Biography of Charles R. Kelly:

The earliest records we have found on Charles R. Kelly is on the Morgan County Georgia tax list of 1808 and 1812 where he was assessed 1 poll tax and listed as having 236 acres on Little River. He also appears on the1810 tax lists of Greene Co., Georgia he paid one poll tax and no land is listed. On 17 October 1810 he married Betsy Wiley in Greene County Georgia.

He is next found in the 1820 Census of Walton County, Georgia where he is listed as head of household. He has 5 males under 10 in his household. These are undoubtedly George, Ezekiel, Charles R. Jr., Noah and James. There are no young females, so all his daughters were born after 1820. Three females are added to the family in the 1830 Census of Newton Co., Georgia. These are Frances, Sarah and Elizabeth.

The following genealogy was dictated by James Homer Kelly to Birdie Love Kelly around 1956: [Supplied by Laura Jefferson Platter]

"Great grandfather Charles Kelly had 3 brothers: Reuben went to Atlanta in early days. John and James - unknown. Charles' children were George Wiley (our grandfather), Ezekiel, Charles, James and Noah (5 boys and 3 girls - one married Mark Rigel (club-footed) innovator Geogia ratchet plow stock. One married David Powell, and one married Taylor Scott (George Scott's father) but she died early and he married grandfather Kelly's daughter Puss." [Ed. note: George Scott's father was Samuel C. Scott and his grandfather was Taylor Scott. Elizabeth Kelly married Samuel C. Scott who was indeed George Scott's father. After the death of Elizabeth Kelly, Samuel C. Scott married Rebecca Kelly, daughter of George W. Kelly.]

"Grandfather George Wiley (born 1811) married a Smith on the Yellow Rivein North Georgia and took the money that grandmother "heired" from the lease of 2 negro wenches, came to Dawson and bought 490 acres land." Ed. note: The Smith was Harriet Smith daughter of Alexander Smith)

"Charles A., Ezekiel, John R (who was named for John and Reuben) and James (Boog) were from this union. Mary married Joe Chambliss, had 4 children - he went to the Army, never returned and she later married his brother Jim."
"Amanda married Harris Melton."
"My father, John R. married Cornelia Kitchens."
"O. T. Kelly (Oct 30 1869)"
"Lilly Apr 1873 married Jim Carlton"
"John Wiley May 1875 named for grandfathers John Kitchens and Wiley Kelly."
"James Homer Dec 17, 1878"
“C. P. Dec 30, 1881. died without issue - named for friend Patrick O'Keefe"
"Susie 1883 married Tom Weaver"
"R. O. Apr 14, 1885 married Naomi Clark"
****End of Dictation****

On 20 February 1855, Charles married Mary Lamb, the widow of his neighbor James Penny. They appear to have had one child by that marriage, Lucinda, born 1857. Lucinda is not mentioned in Charles’s April, 1857 Will. She likely was not born when the Will was prepared.

Charles R. Kelly died about September 1863 near the end of the Civil War based on the date his Will was recorded. His Will dated 7 April 1857 left his estate to his wife, Mary, and his seven children. He left his slaves to his grandchildren, however, by the time he died his slaves had been emancipated. He did own about 600 acres of prime land to the west of Dawson, Georgia. That land eventually was sold, and the estate settled. Only seven children were named in his Will. They were George W. Kelly, Ezekiel B. Kelly, Charles R. Kelly, Noah W. Kelly, James G. Kelly, Frances S. Rigel and Sarah C. Powell. Elizabeth, who had married Samuel Scott in 1848 appeared to have died about 1852 and was not mentioned in the will. His Last Will and Testament as found in the Terrell County Courthouse is shown below:

CHARLES R. KELLY LAST WILL & TEST.

*******************Start of Will********************
State of Georgia
County of Terrell

In the name of God, Amen.

I, Charles R. Kelly, Sr., of said state and county, being of advanced age, and knowing that I must shortly depart this life deem it right and proper both as regards my family and myself that I should make disposition of the property with which kind providence has blessed me, do therefore make this my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all others heretofore made by me.

Item First
I desire and direct that my body be buried in a decent and Christian like manner suitable to my conditions in life, my soul I trust, shall return to rest with God who gave it.

Item 2nd
I desire and direct that all my just debts be paid without delay my Executor hereinafter appointed as I am unwilling my creditors should be delayed in their rights.

Item 3rd
I give bequeath and devise to my beloved wife, Mary, fractional lot Number Two Hundred Ten in the fourth District of Terrell County, containing Ninety Acres, more or less with all the rights, members, and appurtenance thereunto belonging, I also give and bequeath to my wife, One Hundred and fifty dollars in money and provisions sufficient to support her for twelve months also farming tools for one hand to use.

Item 4th
I give and bequeath to James G. Kelly, Frances Rigel and Sarah Powell, each One Hundred dollars extra of an equal share with my other children, as the other heirs that amount given to them-heretofore in horses, etc.

Item 5th
I give and bequeath to all my children as follows to wit: I desire that all my lands, to wit: Lot number Two Hundred and forty-Five, Two Hundred and Twelve, and Two Hundred and Eleven in the Fourth District of Terrell County, containing Two Hundred Two and a half acres each be, by my Executor sold and the money equally divided amongst all my children, to wit: George W. Kelly, Ezekiel B. Kelly, James G. Kelly, Frances S. Rigel and Sarah C. Powell.

Item 6th
I Desire and bequeath that all my other property except my negroes, be disposed of and divided in the same way pointed out and devised in the fifth item.

Item 7th
I desire and bequeath that all my negroes that I may be possessed of at my death be put into seven lots as near equal as can be, and if lots are not of equal value to be made so by those drawing the valuablest lot paying to those of less value so as to make them all equal.

Item 8th
I give and bequeath all my negro property as above named in the 7th item to my Grand Children as, follows: To George W. Kelly's children, I give one seventh part of my Negroes, or one lot as above mentioned free from any, debt or judgements against George W. Kelly. Also I desire that Ezekiel B. Kelly's children have also one seventh part of my Negro property as above named from any debts or judgements against said Ezekiel Kelly. Also I give and bequeath to Charles R. Kelly's children one seventh part of my Negro Property as above named free from any debt of judgement against said Charles R. Kelly. I also give and bequeath to Noah W. Kelly's children one seventh part of my Negro Property free from debt or, judgement against said Noah W. Kelly. I also give and bequeath to James G. Kelly's children one seventh part of my Negro Property free from any judgement or debt against said J. G. Kelly. I also give and bequeath to my daughter, Frances S. Rigel's children one seventh part of my Negro Property, free from any debt or judgement against her husband or herself. I also give and bequeath to my daughter Sarah C. Powell's children one seventh part of my Negro Property free from any debt or judgement against her husband.

Item 9th
I desire that all my children act as Guardian for their children.

Item 10th
I hereby constitute and appoint my son, Chas. R. Kelly, Executor to this my last Will and Testament. Signed, sealed, delivered and-published by Charles R. Kelly, Sr., in the presence of us the subscribers as his last Will and Testament who subscribe our names hereto in the presence of said testator at his special instance and request and of each other. This April 7, 1857.

Charles R. Kelly (L.S.)

James W. Devreaux Calvin Register
Randal Yarbrough, J.P. Samuel Denton J.I.C.
********************End of Will**************

*****Start - Proof of Will – Appointment of Executor – Disposition of Assets *******
Georgia Court of Ordinary
Terrell County September Term 1863

The Last Will and Testament bring forward., in open Court for Probate, by the Executor, Charles R. Kelly Jr. who has filed his partition to honor (?) the same -and two of the. witnesses to said Will, to wit: Samuel Denton and Randal Yarbrough knowing subscribed the following affidavit and -- -- on said Will. September Term 1863 of Terrell Court of Ordinary. Came in open court. at this regular term of the Court. Samuel Denton and Randal Yarbrough and being duly sworn before they seen Charles R., Kelly Sen. sign and publish this within as his last will and testament, while -of sound and disposing mind, that they witnessed the same -for him at -his request and in his presence and of such other and that the same was executed Voluntarily by him on this day is proposed to have been executed.

Sworn to and subscribed before me in open court this 14th day of September 1863.

Ludwell M. Lennard Samuel Denton

Ordinary Randal Yarbrough

Georgia Court of Ordinary
Terrell County September Term 1863

And now at a regular term of said Court the Executor named in the Will of Charles R. Kelly Sr. Coming and praying the admission to record of said Kelly's will inform (?) the probate taken at this court and Charles R. Kelly Jr., the executor named in said Will sworn to the court that the next of kin of said testate have all been notified of his intention to apply at this term of the Court for admission to record of said will and no objection having been offered by them and ordered that said will be admitted to record as Charles R. Kelly Sr. last will and testament, and that said Executor has been to qualify on the sworn and affirms owing that letters testimony pray to him.

Ludwell M. Lennard
Ordinary

Georgia Court of Ordinary
Terrell County September Term 1863

Appearing before the Court that Charles R. Kelly Jr., and wife of Executor of Charles R Kelly Sr. now represents to this Court, that the perishable property of said Estate, consisting of corn fodder, stock cattle and hogs, horses and household and kitchen furniture and other articles are liable to great in its present state and that it would be in the best interest of all parties concerned and the Executor C. R. Kelly Jr. now being in Order to sell the same.

It is ordered by the Court that he and his wards is hereby granted for said Executor to sell said perishable property so soon as the law will allow and give the usual notice of such sale and make return promptly to this Court.

Ludwell M. Lennard
Ordinary


Returns of George W. Kelly appraiser for C. R. Kelly, Executor of Charles R. Kelly Sen. for 1864.

Executive Ord.

By amt- Paid
David B. Powell Voucher No. 1 $3770.80
Mark Rigell Voucher No. 2 3771.85
Louisa Kelly Voucher No.3 3772.85
James G. Kelly Voucher No. 4 2971.85
E. B. Kelly Voucher No. 5 3771.85
G. W. Kelly Voucher No. 6 3771.85

Georgia
Terrell County

Personally appeared before me, George W. Kelly Adj. to C. R. Kelly Jun. Executor of Charles R. Kelly Sen. who being duly sworn deposes and said the above return is correct and

Sworn to and subscribed before me, September 7, 1864.

T. M. Jones, Ordinary.
*****End - Proof of Will – Appointment of Executor – Disposition of Assets *******.

     Elizabeth was born circa 1784 at Halifax, Virginia, United States. She was the daughter of George Wiley and Frances Stanfield. She married Charles R. Kelly, son of Daniel Kelly and Sally Clifton, on 17 October 1809 at Greene, Georgia, United States.¹ Elizabeth died circa 1840 at Newton, Georgia, United States.

     Noah was born circa 1815 at Georgia, United States. He was the son of Charles R. Kelly and Elizabeth Wiley. He married Louisa Barr, on 2 January 1849 at Stewart, Georgia, United States.² Noah died in December 1859 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.³
     Noah's occupation: Farmer.
Biography of Noah W. Kelly:

Noah served as a private in the 1st Regiment of Georgia Militia in Capt. Charles Campbell's Company under the regimental command of Colonel Stokes in the Cherokee War. His service record shows he was inducted on 12 May 1838 and was discharged at New Echota 23 Jun 1838. [Cherokee Indian War Military Service Records - File of Noah W. Kelly in custody of the National Archive in Washington, D.C.]

     The 1860 GA Mortality Schedule shows Noah W. Kelly age 49, Mail, born GA a Farmer having died in December of 1849 of Pneumonia which he had for 4 days. This is supported by the 1860 Census showing his wife, Louisa as head of family with 5 small children.

     Charles was born in 1816 at Georgia, United States.² He was the son of Charles R. Kelly and Elizabeth Wiley. He married Nancy Powell, daughter of Charles Powell and Nancy (--?--), circa 1845 at Terrell, Georgia, United States.²
     Charles's occupation: Farmer.
Biography of Charles R. Kelly:

Charles served as a private in the 1st Regiment of Georgia Militia in Capt. Charles Campbell's Company under the regimental command of Colonel Stokes in the Cherokee War. His service record shows he was inducted at Covington, Newton County, Georgia on 12 May 1838 and was discharged at New Echota 23 Jun 1838. He applied for bounty land for service from 1 Apr 1838 to 15 June 1838 on 14 December 1850, but was rejected. Apparently his service time was insufficient for a land bounty. [Cherokee Indian War Military Service Records and Bounty Land Claims - Files of Charles R. Kelly, Jr. - Bounty Land application # 14843 in custody of the National Archive in Washington, D.C.]

     James was born on 3 July 1819 at Walton, Georgia, United States.² He was the son of Charles R. Kelly and Elizabeth Wiley. He married Zilpaha Ann Powell, circa 1842 at Georgia, United States.² James died on 27 April 1894 at Dale, Alabama, United States, at age 74. His body was buried at Sylvan Grove Cemetery, Dale, Alabama, United States.³
     James's occupation: Farmer.